It can be seen that the GDP of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region has also achieved continuous growth with the increase in the number of FDI. Meanwhile, the GDP in the same period increased from USD 484.43 billion to USD 11285.7 billion, an increase in more than 20 times. Using the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region as an example, according to China Statistical Yearbook data, the amount of FDI increased from USD 18.15 billion to USD 48.43 billion, with an increase of 166.8% during the period of 2009–2018.

However, whilst boosting the economic strength of the country, FDI has also brought significant ecological damage and environmental pollution. Since the reform and opening up, foreign direct investment (FDI) has played a vital role in promoting the economic development and optimizing the foreign trade structure of China. Thus, the country and the government can reduce haze pollution by improving the investment structure, using environmentally friendly technology, guiding enterprises to abide by business ethics and promoting social responsibilities fulfilment. Through the above analysis, it can be observed that FDI and CSR have distinct impacts on haze pollution. (3) In addition, the provinces in different thresholds display obvious geographical distribution characteristics. Such a negative effect shows the characteristics of increasing marginal efficiency. (2) CSR has a significantly negative single-threshold effect on haze pollution that is, the increase in CSR intensity inhibits haze pollution. Meanwhile, the promotion effect of FDI on haze pollution is the strongest in the two threshold ranges. The empirical study found the following: (1) FDI has a significantly positive double-threshold effect on haze pollution. This paper employs the threshold effect model to explore the above problem based on panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2018. However, previous studies have rarely explored the threshold effect of FDI and CSR on haze pollution. In order to reduce environmental pollution, all enterprises are called upon by the local government to fulfil CSR and improve the quality of FDI use. Carrying out environmental protection and governance in the process of using foreign capital to develop the economy is a realistic problem that China needs to solve urgently.

Csr 4.0 harmony driver windows 10